1. Trait
theory – defines leadership based on certain
personality traits which are generally suited for all leaders, such as
decisiveness, persistence, high level of self-confidence and assertiveness,
among others.
2. Behavioral
theory – This theory presupposes that leadership is a
learned behavior, and that leaders are defined according to certain types of
behavior they exhibit.
3. Participative
theory – the opposite of an autocratic leader, the
participative leader involves other people to make common decisions.
4. Situational
theory – This theory assumes that there is no one
style of leadership and that leadership behavior is based on the factors
present in a situation, and usually take into consideration how followers
behave.
5. Transactional
Theory – This theory states that leadership involves a
transaction or negotiation of resources or position, and usually employs reward
and punishment.
6. Transformational
theory – This theory involves a vision, which a leader
uses to rally support form followers, and the role of the leader is in motivating
other to support the vision and make it happen.
Three basic axioms of leadership:
1. Leadership
is situational – this means that a leader’s behavior and what
is required of him will always be influenced by the situation.
2. Leadership
in non-hierarchical – the exercise of leadership is not based on
one’s position in an organizational chart alone, but also dependent on other
factors such as characteristics, skills and even connections
3. Leadership
is relational – Leaders and followers establish a relationship
where their interest are mutually met.
Leader
– Membership Exchange (LMX) Theory – states
that leader’s effectiveness is measured by the quality of his relationship with
his followers, and different types of relationship can evolve between leader
and follower in a certain work situation.
Heroic
Leadership – this type of leadership follows four principles
that are integrated with one another and synergistically interacting to
reinforce each principle:
1. Self-awareness – knowing and understanding fully our strengths and challenges, our way
of looking at things, and even our emotions and the set of values that we live
by.
2. Ingenuity
– Flexibility and openness to new ideas are the
hallmark of this kind of leadership. In the same manner, detachment from
sources of pride and pleasure is also emphasized.
3. Love – A healthy self-concept generates a healthy and positive attitude when
dealing with other people.
Heroism
– This type of leadership is about motivating
and inspiring other people to reach for higher goals, for bigger and greater
things
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